Mass balance and watmmmaer demand in the process of alkaline pretreatment of the main brewery residue

Carla Lobo Gomes; Jozianny  Bárbara de Almeida; Dasciana  de Souza Rodrigues; Carlos Alberto Galeano Suarez; Inti Doraci Cavalcanti Montano

doi:10.47385/cadunifoa.v18.n53.4722

Autores

Carla Lobo Gomes Mestre em Engenharia Química Universidade Federal de Goiás, UFG, Brasil
Jozianny Bárbara de Almeida Mestre em Engenharia Química Universidade Federal de Goiás, UFG, Brasil
Dasciana de Souza Rodrigues Doutora em Engenharia Química. Embrapa Agroenergia
Carlos Alberto Galeano Suarez UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE GOIÁS
Inti Doraci Cavalcanti Montano Doutor em Engenharia Química. Universidade Federal de Goiás, UFG, Brasil

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47385/cadunifoa.v18.n53.4722

Palavras-chave:

Material lignocelulósico, Caracterização, Licor negro, Processos biotecnológicos, Bagaço de malte

Resumo

O pré-tratamento alcalino é um dos processos mais eficazes na remoção de lignina para diferentes tipos de materiais lignocelulósicos. Porém, a geração de grande quantidade de licor negro com elevado excesso de íons hidroxila (OH-), além dos efluentes gerados nas etapas de lavagem da biomassa, são alguns dos principais problemas da utilização desse tipo de pré-tratamento. Este trabalho tem como objetivo mostrar, através de um estudo de caso, o consumo de água necessário para a realização deste tipo de pré-tratamento. O resíduo de cerveja foi utilizado como material lignocelulósico para realizar o pré-tratamento alcalino com NaOH 4% e quantificar a água utilizada no processo. Um balanço de massa global durante o processo de deslignificação BSG permitiu identificar um percentual de recuperação global de 87,92% de celulose, 84,56% de hemicelulose e 87,63% de lignina do material total alimentado no processo de deslignificação. Para quantificar os principais componentes presentes no resíduo estudado, foi necessário caracterizar a água de lavagem dos sólidos obtidos no pré-tratamento. Ao final do processo, foram perdidos aproximadamente 0,50 g de celulose, 0,71 g de hemicelulose e 0,97 g de lignina em relação aos gramas alimentados, inicialmente no processo de deslignificação. A demanda de água durante o processo foi de 131,2 mL por g de material seco.

Downloads

Não há dados estatísticos.

Referências

ALIYU, S.; BALA, M. Brewer’s spent grain: a review of its potentials and applications. African Journal of Biotechnology, v. 10, p. 324−331, 2011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB11.2761

ALVIRA, P.; TOMÁS-PEJÓ, E.; BALLESTEROS, M.; NEGRO, M. J. Pretreatment technologies for an efficient bioethanol production process based on enzymatic hydrolysis: A review. Bioresource Technology, v. 101, p. 4851–4861, 2010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2009.11.093

CARVALHEIRO, F.; DUARTE, L. C.; GÍRIO, F. M. Hemicellulose biorefineries: a review on biomass pretreatments, Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research, v. 67, p. 849–864, 2008.

CHANG, V. S.; NAGWANI. M.; HOLTZAPPLE, M. T. Lime pretreatment of crop residues bagasse and wheat straw. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, v. 74, p. 135-159, 1998. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02825962

DÁVILA, I.; GULLÓN, B.; ALONSO, J. L.; LABIDI, J.; GULLÓN, P. Vine shoots as new source for the manufacture of prebiotic oligosaccharides. Carbohydrate Polymers, v. 207, p. 207:34-43, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.11.065

GALBE, M.; ZACCHI, G. Pretreatment: The key to efficient utilization of lignocellulosic materials. Biomass and Bioenergy, v. 46, p. 70-78, 2012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2012.03.026

GARCIA, R. B.; GANTER, J. L. M. S.; CARVALHO, R. R. Solution properties of D-xylans from corn cobs. European Polymer Journal, v. 36, p. 783-787, 2000. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0014-3057(99)00133-0

GNANSOUNOU, E.; VASKAN, P.; PACHÓN, E. R. Comparative techno-economic assessment and LCA of selected integrated sugarcane-based biorefineries. Bioresource Technology, v. 196, p. 364-375, 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2015.07.072

GODOI C.N.; FILHO, B. A. C.; WANDER, A. E.; LOPES, P. G.; SOUZA, G. V. Cooperation and Competitiveness in Brazilian Crafted beer Production: The case of gypsy breweries in Goiás State. International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science, v. 6, p. 013-030, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22161/ijaers.6.6.2

GOMES, C. L.; GONÇALVES, E.; SUAREZ, C. A. G.; RODRIGUES, D. S.; MONTANO, I. C. Effect of reaction time and sodium hydroxide concentration on delignification and enzymatic hydrolysisof brewer’s spent grain from two brazilian brewers. Cellulose chemistry and technology, v. 55, p. 101-112, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.35812/CelluloseChemTechnol.2021.55.10

GOUVEIA, E. R.; NASCIMENTO, R. T.; SOUTO-MAIOR, A. M.; ROCHA, G. J. M. Validation of methodology for the chemical characterization of sugar cane bagasse. Química Nova, v. 32, p. 1500-1503, 2009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-40422009000600026

GUPTA, M.; ABU-GHANNAM, N.; GALLAGHAR, E. Barley for Brewing: characteristic changes during malting, brewing and applications of its by-products. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Satefy, v. 9 p. 318-328, 2010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-4337.2010.00112.x

HENDRIKS, A. T. W. M.; ZEEMAN, G. Pretreatments to enhance the digestibility of lignocellulosic biomass. Bioresource Technology, v. 100, p. 10–18, 2009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2008.05.027

KAPARAJU, P.; SERRANO, M.; THOMSEN, A. B.; KONGJAN, P.; ANGELIDAKI, I. Bioethanol, biohydrogen and biogas production from wheat straw in a biorefinery concept. Bioresource Technology, v. 100, p. 2562-2568, 2009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2008.11.011

KARAGÖZ, P.; ROCHA, I. V.; ÖZKAN, M.; ANGELIDAKI, I. Alkaline peroxide pretreatment of rapeseed straw for enhancing bioethanol production by same vessel saccharification and co-fermentation, Bioresource. Technology, v. 104, p. 349-357, 2012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2011.10.075

KUMAR, P.; BARRETT, D. M.; DELWICHE, M. J.; STROEVE, P. Methods for pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass for efficient hydrolysis and biofuel production. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, v. 48, p. 3713–3729, 2009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/ie801542g

LECHON, Y.; CABAL, H.; SAEZ, R. Life cycle analysis of wheat and barley crops for bioethanol production in Spain. International Journal of Agricultural Resources Governance and Ecology, v. 4, p. 113-122, 2005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1504/IJARGE.2005.007193

LYNCH, K. M.; STEFFEN, E. J.; ARENDT, E. K. Brewers' spent grain: a review with an emphasis on food and health. Journal The Institute of Brewing, v. 122, p. 553-568, 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jib.363

LUO, H.; ZHENG, P.; BILAL, M.; XIE, F.; ZENG, Q.; ZHU, C.; YANG, R.; WANG, Z. Efficient bio-butanol production from lignocellulosic waste by elucidating the mechanisms of Clostridium acetobutylicum response to phenolic inhibitors. Science of The Total Environment, v. 710, p. 1-10, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136399

NANDA, S.; AZARGOHAR, R.; DALAI, A. K.; KOZINSKI, J. A. An assessment on the sustainability of lignocellulosic biomass for biorefining. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, v. 50, p. 925-941, 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.05.058

NIEMI, P.; TAMMINEN, T.; SMEDS, A.; VILJANEN, K.; OHRA-AHO, T.; HOLOPAINEN-MANTILA, U.; FAULDS, C. B.; POUTANEN, K.; BUCHERT, J. Characterization of lipids and lignans in brewer’s spent grain and its enzymatically extracted fraction. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, v. 60, p. 9910−9917, 2012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/jf302684x

OLIVEIRA, E. E.; SILVA, A. E.; JÚNIOR, T. N.; GOMES, M. C. S.; AGUIAR, L. M.; MARCELINO, H. R.; ARAÚJO, I. B.; BAYER, M. P.; RICARDO, N. M. P. S.; OLIVEIRA, A. G.; EGITO, E. S. T. Xylan from corn cobs, a promising polymer for drug delivery: Production and characterization. Bioresource Technology, v. 101, p. 5402-5406, 2010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2010.01.137

ORTIZ, P. S.; OLIVEIRA, S. JR. Compared exergy analysis of sugarcane bagasse sequential hydrolysis and fermentation and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. International. Journal of Exergy, v. 19, p. 459-480, 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEX.2016.075880

PRATTO B, CHANDGUDE V, JÚNIOR RS, CRUZ AJG, BANKAR S. Biobutanol production from sugarcane straw: Defining optimal biomass loading for improved ABE fermentation, Ind. Crops Prod. 2020;148:1-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112265

RAO LV, GOLI JK, GENTELA J, KOTI S. Bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass to xylitol: An overview, Bioresour. Technol. 2016; 213:299-310. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2016.04.092

ROBERTSON, J. A.; I’ANSON, K. J.A.; TREIMO, J.; FAULDS, C. B.; BROCKLEHURST, T. F.; EIJSINK, V. G. H.; WALDRON, K. W. Profiling brewers’ spent grain for composition and microbial ecology at the site of production, LWT−Food Sci. Technol. 2010;43(6):890−896. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2010.01.019

Reinold MR. Practical brewery manual. Brazil: Aden Editora; 1997.

SÁNCHEZ, Ó. J; CARDONA, C. A. Trends in biotechnological production of fuel ethanol from different feedstocks, Bioresour. Technol. 2008;99(13):5270-5295. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2007.11.013

SANTOS, M.; JIMENEZ, J.J.; BARTOLOME, B.; GOMEZ‐CORDOVÉS, C.; DEL‐NOZAL, M. J; Variability of brewers’ spent grain within a brewery, Food Chem. 2003; 80(1):17– 21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(02)00229-7

SILVA, S. S.; CARVALHO, R. R.; FONSECA J. L. C.; GARCIA, R. B. Extraction and characterization of xylans form corcobs. Polímeros. 1998;8(2):25-33. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-14281998000200005

SOUZA, A. F.; SILVESTRE, A. J. D. Plastics from renewable sources as green and sustainable alternatives. Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry, v. 33, p. 100557, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsc.2021.100557

SLUITER, A.; RUIZ, R.; SCARLATA, C.; SLUITER, J.; TEMPLETON, D.; CROCKER, D. Determination of Structural Carbohydrates and Lignin in Biomass, Midwest Research Institute, Techinical Report NREL/TP-510-42618, Columbus, United States, 2008.

SLUITER, A.; RUIZ, R.; SCARLATA, C.; SLUITER, J.; TEMPLETON, D.; CROCKER, D. Determination of Extractives in Biomass, Midwest Research Institute, Technical Report NREL/TP-510-42619, Columbus, United States, 2008.

SUN, Y.; CHENG, J. Hydrolysis of lignocellulosic materials for ethanol production: a review. Bioresource Technology, v. 83, p. 1-11, 2002. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-8524(01)00212-7

YANG, S.; ZHANG, Y.; YUE, W.; WANG, W.; WANG, Y. Y.; YUAN, T. Q.; SUN, R. C. Valorization of lignin and cellulose in acid-steam-exploded corn stover by a moderate alkaline ethanol post-treatment based on an integrated biorefinery concept. Biotechnology for Biofuels and Bioproducts, v. 9, p. 1-14, 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13068-016-0656-1

SUN, S.; SUN, S.; CAO, X.; SUN, R. The role of pretreatment in improving the enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic materials. Bioresource Technology, v. 199, p. 49-58, 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2015.08.061

VERNÈS, L.; LI, Y.; CHEMAT, F.; ABERT-VIAN, M. Biorefinery concept as a key for sustainable future to green chemistry the case of microalgae. In: Li, Y.; Chemat, F. Plant Based “Green chemistry 2.0”. Eds. Singapure: Springer; 2019. p. 15-50. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3810-6_2

THE GUARDIAN (UK). Water shortages could affect 5bn people by 2050. Londres, 2018. Disponível em: < https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/mar/19/water-shortages-could-affect-5bn-people-by-2050-un-report-warns/>. Acesso em: 30 out. 2023.

ZHANG, X.; TU, M.; PAICE, M. G. Routes to Potential Bioproducts from Lignocellulosic Biomass Lignin and Hemicelluloses, Bioenergy Research, v. 4, p. 246–257, 2011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-011-9147-1