Periodontal disease and systemic diseases
biological mechanisms and clinical implications
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47385/cadunifoa.v21.n56.6080Keywords:
periodontal disease, systemic changes, Public healthAbstract
Periodontal disease is a multifactorial chronic inflammatory condition affecting the supporting tissues of the teeth and has a high global prevalence, being considered a major public health problem. Recent scientific evidence demonstrates that periodontal inflammation extends beyond the oral cavity, being associated with several systemic diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, and respiratory diseases. This critical literature review aimed to analyze and discuss the scientific evidence on the relationship between periodontal disease and systemic diseases, emphasizing the biological mechanisms involved and clinical implications. The search was conducted in the PubMed, Scopus, and BVS databases, considering publications between 2015 and 2025. Clinical studies, experimental studies, and reviews addressing the association between periodontal disease and at least one systemic condition were included. Methodological limitations and the consistency of the findings were also considered. The findings indicate that periodontal inflammation contributes to systemic alterations through the dissemination of inflammatory mediators and periodontopathogenic microorganisms, promoting a low-grade systemic inflammatory state. The evidence reinforces the need for integration between dentistry and medicine, highlighting the importance of periodontal care in promoting overall health and preventing chronic non-communicable diseases.
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