Enfermedad periodontal y enfermedades sistémicas

mecanismos biológicos e implicaciones clínicas

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47385/cadunifoa.v21.n56.6080

Palabras clave:

enfermedad periodontal, cambios sistémicos, Salud pública

Resumen

La enfermedad periodontal es una enfermedad inflamatoria crónica multifactorial que afecta los tejidos de soporte de los dientes y presenta una alta prevalencia mundial, considerándose un importante problema de salud pública. Evidencia científica reciente demuestra que la inflamación periodontal se extiende más allá de la cavidad oral, asociándose con diversas enfermedades sistémicas, como enfermedades cardiovasculares, diabetes mellitus y enfermedades respiratorias. Esta revisión crítica de la literatura tuvo como objetivo analizar y discutir la evidencia científica sobre la relación entre la enfermedad periodontal y las enfermedades sistémicas, haciendo hincapié en los mecanismos biológicos involucrados y las implicaciones clínicas. La búsqueda se realizó en las bases de datos PubMed, Scopus y BVS, considerando publicaciones entre 2015 y 2025. Se incluyeron estudios clínicos, estudios experimentales y revisiones que abordaron la asociación entre la enfermedad periodontal y al menos una enfermedad sistémica. También se consideraron las limitaciones metodológicas y la consistencia de los hallazgos. Los hallazgos indican que la inflamación periodontal contribuye a alteraciones sistémicas mediante la diseminación de mediadores inflamatorios y microorganismos periodontopatógenos, promoviendo un estado inflamatorio sistémico de bajo grado. La evidencia refuerza la necesidad de integración entre la odontología y la medicina, destacando la importancia del cuidado periodontal para promover la salud general y prevenir enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles.

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Biografía del autor/a

Nathália Duarte Barros Rocha, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brasil.

Formada pela Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora. Especialista em Saúde Coletiva pela Universidade de São Paulo. Mestre em Clínica Odontológica pela Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora

Glaucia Valias Filgueiras, Universidad

Cirurgiã-dentista formada pela Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Especialista em Odontologia Legal pela Universidade de São Paulo, Mestre em Clínica Odontológica pela Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora

Márcio Eduardo Vieira Falabella, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brasil.

Cirurgião-dentista formado pela Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Especialista em Periodontia pela Universidade de Itaúna-MG, Mestrado e Doutorado em Odontologia em Periodontia pela Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. 

Citas

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Publicado

2026-07-07

Cómo citar

DUARTE BARROS ROCHA, Nathália; VALIAS FILGUEIRAS, Glaucia; EDUARDO VIEIRA FALABELLA, Márcio. Enfermedad periodontal y enfermedades sistémicas: mecanismos biológicos e implicaciones clínicas. Cadernos UniFOA, Volta Redonda, RJ, v. 21, n. 56, p. 1–13, 2026. DOI: 10.47385/cadunifoa.v21.n56.6080. Disponível em: https://revistas.unifoa.edu.br/cadernos/article/view/6080. Acesso em: 11 jul. 2026.

Número

Sección

Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde